http://www.ebsi.co.kr/ebs/lms/lmsx/retrieveSbjtDtl.ebs?sbjtId=S20180001029 16강 유전 물질(1) https://hhlife.tistory.com/entry/%ED%83%84%EC%88%98%ED%99%94%EB%AC%BC%EC%9D%98-%EC%A2%85%EB%A5%98-%EB%8B%A8%EB%8B%B9%EB%A5%98-%EC%9D%B4%EB%8B%B9%EB%A5%98%EB%8B%A4%EB%8B%B9%EB%A5%98 ================================================================================ Protein 20_kinds_of_amino_acids several_amino_acids=pick_several_amino_acids(20_kinds_of_amino_acids) formed_protein=form_protein(several_amino_acids) ================================================================================ DNA DNA = Nucleotide_1 + nucleotide_2 + nucleotide_3 + ... ================================================================================ Nucleotide "Ribose" as pentan "Phosphoric acid" "Base" "Nucleotide" ================================================================================ Base=[A,T,G,C] Nucleotide=[A_based_nucleotide,T_based_nucleotide,G_based_nucleotide,C_based_nucleotide] ================================================================================ Nucleic acid: acidic material in the nuclei Nucleic_acid=[DNA,RNA] Unit of nucleic_acid: nucleotide Nucleotide=form_nucleotide(Phosphoric_acid,ribose,base) ================================================================================ DNA: (-) charge due to phosphoric_acid Electrophoresis Mixed DNA Long DNA Short DNA ================================================================================ Ribose as pentan Deoxyribose as pentan ================================================================================ Base_for_deoxyribose=[A,T,G,C] Base_for_ribose=[A,U,G,C] ================================================================================ See the structure of ATGCU Purine_base=[A,G], double ring Pyrimidine_base=[C,U,T], single ring ================================================================================ Note that base has nitrogen $$$N$$$ So, base is also called nitrogenous base ================================================================================ Elements of DNA: C,H,O,N,P Pentan: C,H,O Base: N Phosphoric_acid: P ================================================================================ RNA=[mRNA,rRNA,tRNA] mRNA is messanger RNA rRNA consists of ribosome tRNA is transfer RNA mRNA,rRNA,tRNA join the task of creating proten based on DNA ================================================================================ mRNA=copy_specific_part_of_DNA(DNA) In ribosome (rRNA) which is the place where protein is created: brought_specific_amino_acid=tRNA_brings_some_amino_acids(amino_acids) created_protein=create_protein(mRNA,brought_specific_amino_acid) ================================================================================ Places of DNA - Nucleus - Chloroplast - Mitochondria Places of RNA - Nucleus - Chloroplast - Mitochondria - Ribosome (rRNA) - Cytoplasm (mRNA) ================================================================================ Chargaff's rule Amount of A = Amount of T Amount of G = Amount of C $$$\dfrac{T+C}{A+G} = 1$$$ ================================================================================ * Phosphate (P) is attached to C5 so it's decribed by 5' * You can see base (T) which is coupled to C1 * One nucleotide * Polynucleotide * 2 polynucleotides create DNA * Simplified illustration ================================================================================ coupled_A_T=double_hydrogen_bond(A,T) - double_hydrogen_bond - single ring (T) - double ring (A) coupled_G_C=triple_hydrogen_bond(G,C) - triple_hydrogen_bond - single ring (C) - double ring (G) Stability of DNA coupled_A_T $$$\lt$$$ coupled_G_C ================================================================================ temp_AT=Temp_for_separating_DNA_to_single_thread_on_AT_couple temp_GC=Temp_for_separating_DNA_to_single_thread_on_GC_couple temp_AT $$$\lt$$$ temp_GC ================================================================================