http://www.ebsi.co.kr/ebs/lms/lmsx/retrieveSbjtDtl.ebs?sbjtId=S20180001029 ================================================================================ mRNA,rRNA,tRNA=transcription(DNA) if Eukaryota==True: In nucleus: mRNA,rRNA,tRNA=transcription(DNA) ================================================================================ enzymes_for_DNA_replication=[DNA_polymerase,helicase,primer,...] DNA=DNA_replication(DNA,enzymes_for_DNA_replication) ================================================================================ enzymes_for_transcription=[RNA_polymerase,...] mRNA,rRNA,tRNA=transcription(DNA,enzymes_for_transcription) In transcription: RNA_polymerase does the job of helicase,primer ================================================================================ The detail of transcription * Overview * RNA polymerase is attached to DAN, to start the transcription Note that RNA polymerase is only attached to "promoter" location in the DNA * RNA polymerase decouples DNA * RNA polymerase creates RNA in the direction of 5' $$$\rightarrow$$$ 3' Note that for transcription, only one DNA strand (3'5' one in this case) is used * You can see "lengthened RNA" and "recoupled DNA" * When RNA polymerase arrives to the end point, newly created RNA is separated from DNA, and RNA polymerase is also removed from the DNA ================================================================================ Even if RNA is created based on main-strand, but non-main-strand is still important * Suppose following (non-main-strand, main-strand) * Imagine newly created RNA based on main-strand (3'5') * Note that "non-main-strand" and "RNA" is same if you replace T with U * This is why non-main-strand is also called crypto-strand ================================================================================ * Note that these are "RNA nucleotides" which has "ribose" for pentan ================================================================================ Direction of trascription * RNA grows from 5' to 3' * RNA polymerase moves along DNA-main-strand from 3' to 5' ================================================================================ Comparison between DNA replication and RNA transcription ================================================================================ * tRNA's 3D model * tRNA's 2D model * Combine tRNA with ribosome ================================================================================ * Ribosome: is the place where protein synthesis occurs * Lysosome: it has hydrolase, so lysosome can do "digest in the cell" ================================================================================ Ribosome = rRNA + protein In the P in the nucleus of the cell: rRNA=synthesize(DNA) In the ribosome in the cytoplasm: protein=synthesize(amino_acids) move_to_nucleus(protein) In the P in the nucleus of the cell: sub_unit_of_ribosome,large_unit_of_ribosome=combine(rRNA,protein) move_to_cytoplasm_via_nuclear pore(sub_unit_of_ribosome,large_unit_of_ribosome) In the cytoplasm: ribosome=combine(sub_unit_of_ribosome,large_unit_of_ribosome) ================================================================================ Note that there is the place where mRNA is combined in the "sub unit of ribosome" ================================================================================ There are 3 places (A: amino acid,P: polypeptides,E:exit) in the large unit of ribosome ================================================================================ 1. combine(mRNA,sub_unit_of_ribosome) There is no large_unit_of_ribosome in this stage 2. Codon: AUG tRNA_with_methionine=get_tRNA_with_amino_acid(codon_AUG) complementary_hydrogen_bond(codon_of_RNA,anti_codon_of_tRNA) 3 . large_unit_of_ribosome=get_large_unit_of_ribosome() combine(sub_unit_of_ribosome,large_unit_of_ribosome) 4. * second tRNA comes into A place and second tRNA is combined with mRNA 5. * Decomple Met and "first tRNS" * Perform "peptide bond" Enzyme for "peptide bond" is located in "large_unit_of_ribosome" 6. move_ribosome(direction=[5',3'],step_size=one_codon_or_3_bases) 7. * Amino acid order * End codons: UAA,UAG,UGA * Importantly note that there is no tRNA which has anticodon which is corresponding to "ending codon"